A very recurring thing you would do is to get the current node id of the visited page. Here are two ways of doing it programmatically.
$entity = \Drupal::routeMatch()->getParameter('node');
if ($entity instanceof \Drupal\node\NodeInterface) { // Check if it is a node
$nid = $node->id(); // You also have the node object right here
}
Slightly shorter and less good in my opinion is the following. Note that here there is no guarantee this is a node.
$node = \Drupal::routeMatch()->getParameter('node');
$nid = $node->id();