When creating seed data, for example in your modules hook_install() script, creating a menulink can be necessary. This snippet shows how.
1) Menu link to a node
use Drupal\menu_link_content\Entity\MenuLinkContent;
$menu_link = MenuLinkContent::create(array(
'title' => 'My page',
'link' => ['uri' => 'entity:node/'.$node->id()], // The node you'd like to link to
'menu_name' => 'custom-menu', // Your menu name
'weight' => -20,
'bundle' => 'menu_link_content',
));
$menu_link->save();
2) Menu link to a url/page
use Drupal\menu_link_content\Entity\MenuLinkContent;
$menu_link = MenuLinkContent::create(array(
'title' => 'My page',
'link' => ['uri' =>'internal:/my-page'], // The node you'd like to link to
'menu_name' => 'custom-menu', // Your menu name
'weight' => -20,
'bundle' => 'menu_link_content',
));
$menu_link->save();